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?? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??? 0,5% ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ????????? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????????. ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ???????.

?????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????????. ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????.

?????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????

???? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? (???? GNIP)? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? 1960? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? — ??????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????? — ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????. ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?? 000 150 ??? ???? ?? 1200 ???? ?? ???? ?? 100 ???. ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????: "???? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????????????? ?????? ???? ???????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????.???? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ?????. ????? ??? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ????????."

?????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????

???? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? (???? GNIR)? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? 2002? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????? ???? ??? ????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????????. ???????? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ????????. ????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? (???? GNIL) ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??????.

????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????? (???? GloWaL). ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ??? 2023? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????.

???? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????: "???? ???? GloWAL ????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????????."

?????? ???? GloWAL? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? 7 ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? 100 ?????? ?????? 1000 ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??????.

?????? ???? GNIP ????? GNIR ????? ??? ????? WISER (???? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ?? ???? ??????? ???????).